Since the 19th century, training in the human and social sciences has oscillated between three models: the engineer, the doctor and the philosopher. The engineer, for his technical skills. The doctor, for his art of practical application, his sense of urgency and his ability to resolve pathologies. The philosopher, for his critical perspective on the meaning of public action.

These three models have often been in competition in the academic field. They have drawn antagonistic currents and camps, each building training centered on one of these models, excluding the others.

Our reflection started from the following observation: find a balance between these three models and the skills associated with each of them, by drawing lessons from past experiences.

This in-depth reflection was carried out by gathering the opinions of specialists from different disciplinary backgrounds and by carefully analyzing the innovations that have emerged in recent years in the international academic world (new programs, new disciplines, new methods, new questions, etc.) aiming to build a structure that makes sense in Morocco and in Africa, for Morocco and Africa, by training highly qualified executives, capable of anticipating, acting and creating within a constantly changing economic and social environment.