The sustainable development goals are numerous and among them, several are based on improving the well-being of citizens. The basic needs of African citizens, in particular, must be met in order to reach a level of decent development. To achieve this, governments must intervene to ensure that the economic, social and regulatory environment is conducive to the attainment of these objectives. But they must also design programs, policies and projects to achieve these goals in an effective manner because the resources available are limited. This area will focus on the nexus between economic development and the improvement of social indicators in African countries. Specifically, this focus will be on the goals of eradicating extreme poverty (SDG Goal 1), good health and well-being (SDG Goal 3), gender equality (SDG Goal 5), and reducing inequality (SDG Goal 10), as well as improving the education system (SDG Goal 4).